Team working theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Group working hypotheses - Essay Example  According to Tuckman’s model, there are five phases associated with building a powerful group. They are framing, raging, norming, performing, and dismissing. During the development stage, the group is totally reliant on the authority of one individual. It is at this phase clear and explicit points are framed. In the raging stage, everybody is worried about the impression they are making than the activity close by. It gives a chance to challenge different individuals or the set points. Pacification is important in light of the fact that various individuals will challenge for matchless quality or the best technique for driving. In the norming stage, the difficulties are perceived, and a few terms concurred. In the performing stage, the group is at its best execution. All the individuals are in understanding, upbeat and comprehend their jobs. In the deferring stage, a feeling of conclusion is brought to a group whose venture is completed.According to John Adair’s activi ty focused model, there are three sections that add to powerful group building. Recognizing the assignment implies setting the vision, reason and bearing of the group. In dealing with a group, the pioneer and other colleagues set up style, culture and morals of the gathering. In the administration of people, the pioneer ought to comprehend the colleagues as people and locate the most ideal methods of supporting them.According to Maslow’s progressive system of requirements, people can't invest in moving to a more significant level of necessities until the past need is completely attained.â

Answer of 2 Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer of 2 Question - Essay Example The thickness for this cut is given by ∆z = where Gz is the inclination quality, ∆z is the cut thickness, ÃŽ ³ is the youthful modulus, and ÃŽ'f is the counterbalanced recurrence. Along these lines, causing the balance recurrence to be the subject of the equation we to get ÃŽ'f = where ÃŽ'f is the counterbalanced recurrence (Sheil, 44). Subsequently, From the figure, 7.9 appearing out the sign of MRI acquired from fat and water there were two signals that were gotten. These signs incorporate the signs from water which were at 4.8ppm and the sign from fat which was at 1.5ppm. The sign from water was shown by a pinnacle that was because of protons in water while that from fat was shown by a top because of protons inside the fat. In the body of a life form, fat and water are the key segments of protons. The atoms of fat and water contain various protons whose particles is incredibly helpful in MR signal. From the figure, there were two pinnacles. One pinnacle, which was 4.8ppm, was because of protons in water. Another pinnacle, which was 1.5ppm, was because of protons in fat. These two pinnacles had diverse ppm on account of various reasons. To start with, the unwinding time (T1) for water takes a more drawn out span of time contrasted with that of fat. This was apparent in figure 7.10 where the weighted T1 picture recorded diminished signs from water. Also, transverse time of unwinding (T2) of water that was free had a short connection time contrasted with that of fat. The rot of T2 is a direct result of the communications that are attractive which happen in the middle of the protons that are turning. It is therefore that the fat ppm had a shorter pinnacle contrasted with that of water. Exploration has appeared out that water makes some more drawn out memories of unwinding since its characteristic movement recurrence is higher contrasted with the clinically utilized larmor recurrence (Sheil, 10). Unwinding time includes the time taken by protons to remain either intelligent or have a stage pivot. This pivot ordinarily

An Overview of El Nino and La Nina

An Overview of El Nino and La Nina El Nino is a consistently happening climatic element of our planet. Each two to five years, El Nino returns and goes on for a while or even a couple of years. El Nino happens when hotter than normal ocean water exists off the shore of South America. El Nino causes atmosphere impacts the world over. Peruvian anglers saw that the appearance of El Nino regularly corresponded with the Christmas season so named the wonder after the infant kid Jesus. The hotter water of El Nino diminished the quantity of fish accessible to get. The warm water that causes El Nino is typically situated close to Indonesia during non-El Nino years. Be that as it may, during times of El Nino the water moves eastbound to lie off the bank of South America. El Nino expands the normal sea surface water temperature in the locale. This mass of warm water is the thing that causes climatic change the world over. Closer to the Pacific Ocean, El Nino causes heavy rains over the west shoreline of North America and South America. Extremely solid El Nino occasions in 1965-1966, 1982-1983, and 1997-1998 made huge flooding and harm from California Mexico to Chile. Impacts of El Nino are felt as distant from the Pacific Ocean as Eastern Africa (there is frequently diminished precipitation and in this way Nile River conveys less water). An El Nino requires five continuous long stretches of bizarrely high ocean surface temperatures in the Eastern Pacific Ocean off the shoreline of South America to be viewed as an El Nino. La Nina Researchers allude to the occasion when astoundingly cook water lies off the shoreline of South America as La Nina or the child young lady. Solid La Nina occasions have been liable for the contrary impacts on atmosphere as El Nino. For instance, a significant La Nina occasion in 1988 caused noteworthy dry season across North America. El Ninos Relationship to Climate Change As of this composition, El Nino and La Nina don't have all the earmarks of being essentially identified with environmental change. As referenced above, El Nino is an example that had been seen for a long time by South Americans. Environmental change may make the impacts of El Nino and La Nina more grounded or increasingly far reaching, be that as it may. A comparable example to El Nino was distinguished in the mid 1900s and was known as the Southern Oscillation. Today, the two examples are known to be basically something very similar thus in some cases El Nino is known as El Nino/Southern Oscillation or ENSO.

Internet Connections through LED Bulbs and Light Waves (Li

Structure according to innovation alludes to the examination including the development of man-made items used to settle human needs. The gadgets planned should consistently fulfill the set logical guidelines. The Li-Fi venture is a plan that was finished by a gathering of Chinese researchers who prevailing to create web signals which were sent solely through light bulbs.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Internet Connections through LED Bulbs and Light Waves (Li-Fi) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The way toward leading the tests included attaching of PCs to LED bulbs. Along these lines, they had the option to interface with the web utilizing light waves as a bearer rather than the standard radio frequencies just like the case with Wi-Fi. The researchers had the option to demonstrate that the structured undertaking could move information at a pace of 150mbps. Moreover, they made the LED lights to go about as computerized switches by utilizing them to either interface with the web or cut the association. Thus, this innovation has made it conceivable to clear path for LED bulbs to be retrofitted and transformed into hotspot passages for broadband systems in both home and office systems (Designboom 2013). The web is an asset utilized by every single individual including the administration, organizations, establishments and undertakings. The innovation is great as it tends to the requirements of a great many people in the public eye. The web is an advantage for everybody whether youthful or old and what's more it is of most extreme significance to all. The Li-Fi configuration is an excellent bit of innovation since it is financially savvy and effective. The expense of LED bulbs is amazingly low when contrasted with the Wi-Fi connectors, passages and repeaters utilized for the typical broadband associations for both wide region systems and neighborhood. The plan is manageable as LED bulbs are accessible in every single nation on the planet. Getting LED bulbs won't be an issue in any area even in the underdeveloped nations. The Li-Fi venture is an entirely practical undertaking as it doesn't require a ton of mechanical mastery like Wi-Fi and the innovation is basic and whenever comprehended can be actualized by a normal individual as long as they have essential information on networking.Advertising Looking for article on designing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Li-Fi venture is additionally a creative task as web association is an exceptionally unique field. This plan meets the standards that the field of web association requires in light of the fact that it is quick, modest and entirely adaptable. It additionally makes web association effectively open to territories where there is no broadband inclusion. The structure is tasteful as it catches the eye of a watcher. It causes a person to create enthusiasm to get familiar with the gadget. I n this way, thinking about the handiness of the structure, it is relevant to everybody regardless of the generational, strict and social contrasts. Undoubtedly the plan didn't satisfy the guidelines since it looks massive and not effectively versatile (Schubert 2003). The Li-Fi venture appears to be exceptionally enormous as delineated by its picture. It would require a great deal of room to have the option to suit this bit of innovation. Despite the fact that, gauging the qualities and shortcomings of the Li-Fi venture I would state it merits an attempt. Slow web association is one of the most irritating things on the planet and this structure controls the issue as the speed of 150 megabits by second is extensively high. In this manner, this plan whenever actualized will be a triumph. Works Cited Designboom 2013. Web. https://www.designboom.com/innovation/web associations through-drove bulbs-light-waves-lifi-10-22-2013 Schubert, Fred. Light-Emitting Diodes. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni versity Press, 2003. Print. This exposition on Internet Connections through LED Bulbs and Light Waves (Li-Fi) was composed and presented by client Tyrell W. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Services and Facilities in a Hotel

Administrations and Facilities in a Hotel Prologue to Services and Facilities in the inn These days, individuals decide to remain in the inn not just for the housing, a portion of the visitors would pick a specific inn as a result of its novel administrations given or extraordinary offices that other lodging probably won't have or probably won't give as great administrations contrasted with other contender inn. Case of offices in many inns that are five stars or more are pool, outside games pool, cafés, lounges, bars, golf clubs, spa and Jacuzzi, parking structure, gathering rooms , meal rooms. Television entryways, snooker tables, extraordinary nail trim administrations, watchman administrations, individual assembly hall and so on. Administrations and Facilities in a Hotel I will expound and outline the administrations and offices in an enormous lodging named Hotel De Paris, Monte Carlo. Inn De Paris is a lavish lodging that is situated in Monaco which is situated in a sovereign city on the French Riviera in Western Europe, France. As indicated by Hayes, D. what's more, Ninemeier, J. (2007), first ed, Hotel activities the board, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Housing Rooms Beginning from the housing of this astounding lavish inn, there are a sum of 182 rooms in this inn, this 182 rooms incorporates the unrivaled room which is confronting the patio see. These unrivaled rooms are the ideal instances of the â€Å"Belle Époque Era†. â€Å"Belle Époque Era it’s in French language and it implies â€Å"Beautiful Era† in English. It was a timeframe in French and Belgian which world war one simply finished in the start of the year 1914. The size of these better rooms is from 371 than 571 sq. also, it is situated in the second and third floor of the lodging. The rack paces of this predominant rooms cost around 579 Pounds which is 2880 MYR for 1 night remain. Next, is the Exclusive room which is confronting city see, all the furnishings and embellishments is produced using white leaded wood and mahogany. The toilets is extraordinarily produced using pale marble from the nineteenth century to give visitors a warm and inviting inclinat ion upon appearance. Rooms from this selective are from 377 to 538 sq. what's more, is situated on the second, third and fourth floor of Hotel De Paris. Paces of rooms are 657 pounds and subsequent to changing over is 3447 MYR for one night remain. To wrap things up of the rooms and that is the Exclusive Room that is confronting gambling club see, all the offices and designs are no doubt same as the other selective room however the main contrast is that this room is confronting the gambling club see. ( Hã'tel de Paris, (2014). Down to earth Details. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/reasonable data/down to earth data/[Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Junior Suites Other than the typical select and choice rooms, there are a couple of sorts of junior suites in Hotel De Paris. There is internal yard see which is completely outfitted with red velvet floor coverings to give a sentiment of absolute unwinding to the visitors or lead significant gatherings. The parlors in these lesser suites are well furnished with impeccable office devices with dazzling bit of style. The rates for this lesser suites cost 846 Pounds which is 4422 MYR. Next up it’s the nation see junior suite that is exceptionally made for the night see sweethearts. (Hã'tel de Paris, (2014). Junior Suite †Inner Courtyard View. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/extravagance rooms-suites/junior-suite/junior-suite-yard/[Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Precious stone Suites The most costly room in this lodging is the jewel suites. The jewel suites take after the feeling of extravagance in Hotel De Paris. The precious stone suite which is named by Charles Garnier ordinarily is utilized by individuals who will have a wedding or any exceptional family gatherings. The precious stone suites are situated at the second floor of Hotel De Paris and it is around 1890 sq. It has two major rooms, with a gigantic parlor with an entrenched feasting zone. All the toilets in this suite is made by light dark and white mosaic marbles tiles. The paces of this precious stone suite is basically dazzling a night in this jewel suite cost around 7400 pounds with is around 38687K MYR. Café and Bars In Monte Carlo, the most popular eatery bar is named Le Louis XV-Alain Dã ©classã ©. Le Louis XV is particularly committed to the flavor of perfect and dream. It is open around 25 years prior in the Monte Carlo. The exceptional setting of this eatery is concentrating basically on rich cooking with astounding wine list and remarkable menus. Concurring Alain Dã ©classã ©(2014),to the gourmet expert of Le Louis XV that the way of thinking of this eatery is to fill this café with rethinking that what is fundamental, the food they serve can be straightforward and straightforward to each visitor however it has it’s inconspicuous of parity on the tradition,culture,modernity of the café. There are three primary menus in Le Louis XV, The regular club lunch which cost around 145 pounds roughly 785MYR, evening menu â€Å"Les Jardins de Provence† which is 230 pounds around 1.2k MYR,Menu â€Å"Pour les Gourmets which does exclude drinks cost around 310 Pounds roughly to 1.6k MYR. There are for the most part three sorts of cooking served in Le Louis XV and that is Gastronomic food. Gastronomic is an investigation of food it can likewise mean somebody who joins the speculations and practices on the investigation of gastronomic. Le Louis XV additionally serves the French Riviera cooking. French Riviera food implies a decent perspective on sea shore stunning social civilities or with marvelous touring sees that is the meaning of French Riviera. All the food and cooking is roused by the French and Italian Riviera’s with has been designated in the Michelin Guide with three stars. Michelin Guide is one of the arrangement manuals that is distributed in France by the distributer named Michelin for over 100 years for the time being. (As per Services Management [Including Skill Development]. (2014). first ed. [ebook] Mumbai, IND: Himalaya Publishing House. Accessible at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10415572p00=hotel +management [Accessed 14 Oct. 2014]) Le Louis XV is shut ordinary yet just open on Tuesday and Wednesday. On the off chance that you need to enter this eatery you would need to wear a coat or a tie, it is carefully required for the visitor; this is to guarantee that the nature of visitors is up to the restaurant’s standard. Barbecues Situated at the eighth floor in the Hotel Le Paris, this barbecue is named by Le Grill. Le Grill is probably the best flame broil that offer a reevaluation of the acclaimed Mediterranean gourmet dishes .During the late spring season, Le Grill has its barbecue side that will uncover the delightful sky and it is one of the most lovely perspectives on the French Riviera. The sort of foods that Le Grill offers is essentially centered around Mediterranean-style gourmet cooking. The menu has a scope of various sorts which the set lunch is around 75 pounds, and for the supper or individually is around 130-150 pounds. Uncommon capacities and birthday celebrations can be held in the Le Grill’s Churchill parlor, mixed drinks and private gatherings can likewise can held there as well. Outside of the Le Grill is the outdoors patio which has a decent perspective on the sky or nightfall when u visit it at the correct hour. The lunch break is regularly from 12pm to 2pm and supper begins from 8pm-11pm. Meal Rooms Meal room is intentionally for the utilization of when you are going to hold a gathering or private birthday celebrations or even close to home gatherings. The meal room in Hotel De Paris is named La Salle Empire and porch, it is recorded as a chronicled locales since the finish of nineteenth century, it represent the history that is left during the nineteenth century in those days. La Salle Empire is a radiant spot to hold banqueting administrations. Typically for feast orders, there are two unique sorts of menu one of them is in season and another is summer menu. Live Band In a huge inn, there is ordinarily live band execution perhaps on the Saturday night or Sunday late evening as per the lodging withdraws. The motivation behind having live band is to engage the visitors when they have their available time or perhaps they can be at the entryway to tune in to the live band around evening time while drinking wine or talking in the parlors. The live band in Hotel De Paris is named Le Bar American. Le Bar American is completely outfitted by the relaxed feeling of the excellent wood. The seats they utilized in the bar is all 100% cowhide rockers, with all red lights delicate lighting, all the windows are looking to the ocean see. This impressive live band bar will play all Doctor’s Gab acoustic piano music to let the visitors feel unwind and comfortable. All the tidbits will be served from 12 early afternoon to 6.30 at night, following by a break; they will have returned to business at 10pm around evening time to 1am in the 12 PM. Live jazz is the p rinciple subject in this excellent bar. Private Beach In our nation there probably won't be this offices in any of the lodging in Malaysia, yet in abroad, there are a couple of lavish inn that offers private sea shores in their inn. Private sea shores are an outright joy for visitors that like to appreciate the daylight or like to swim. The setting in this amazing private sea shore depends on chic striped canvas sea shore lodges. All the lodges in this inn are charged in the inn settlement and it guarantee the whole visitor to arrive at their maximum degree of fulfillments and happiness. Visitors can appreciate the sun while refined food will be sent to your own tent by the private sea shore. The natural pizzas and gourmet wood-stove pizzas is the must attempt food in the private sea shore side bar. On the sea shore, there are around 200 tents encompassing the sea shore, 120 sea shore lodges and right around 30 solariums accessible for lease, yet the charges is excluded from the facilities fees.â Sports and Leisure Pool The pool of Le Hotel Paris has a 25 by 13 meter

The Complexity of Simplicity

The Complexity of Simplicity Did you know the soda can top (or pop can for those of you so inclined) took ~5 years to perfect and develop? And look at it. Its simply a tab on a lever that punches out a precut piece of aluminum. Its hard to imagine a simpler mechanism. And yet, to get that simple took an enormous amount of work. In fact, this simplicity follows complexity idea is one that Ive learned more and more throughout my time here at MIT, and particularly through one of my favorite classes, 2.009. (As an aside, that last half of the sentence was difficult to type given that Im averaging 12hrs a day in lab with at least another 4 spent on work for that class alone, but if Im honest with myself its still true). Ive learned that in engineering, its not that difficult to design individual solutions to all your design criteria, and then your proposed solution is just the superposition of all the little solutions. Its not that hard to make a design more complex by just solving all the little sub-problems and summing them up. To express it mathematically (because theres literally nothing I cant turn into a formula): Where S is your solution to a problem, pi is the ith particular subproblem, and s() is the solution to any particular problem. But it turns out that the best solutions/products/designs are those that are butt-kickingly simple. The sort that make you think thats it?. The kind that make you feel like anyone could do them. Those are the hard ones. This I understand firsthand while exploring the mechanism for my 2.009 project (whose final presentation I will be in part presenting on Monday, so thatll be a fun blog). In a nutshell, Ive been working with my team to try and figure out a way to dispense helmets reliably and one at a time. The first proposed solution we had was enormously complex, but plausible given what wed learned. We had four bar linkages, ratchets, pulleys â€" the whole MechE toolkit coming out. But in designing it in Solidworks, we discovered it was incredibly difficult to make work correctly, so we abandoned it for a much simpler mechanism. This we all felt pretty good about, until we tried to start building it and learned it was essentially impossible to implement given our constraints. So I worked with a small subset of our team and tried to find alternatives. A simpler solution was found and decided to go for that. But once again, it was too complex. This loop repeated for a while until the eureka moment occured and we managed to reduce our mechanism from around 32 parts, with 8 moving parts in perpendicular planes, to just 4 parts, one moving, all in the same plane. And the thing works beautifully and reliably (Im hoping Ill get a patent out of it, but thats another topic). One of my teammates was commenting on how frustrating it was to get that solution after all the design and iteration we had, but thats when I realized we HAD to go through that. Otherwise we never wouldve understood the problem with the depth necessary to see the simple solution. Turns out, problems require a complex understanding to yield simple solutions, and vice versa. Or, to express it mathematically: Where Sc is the solution complexity and Pu is the problem understanding. And thats because its not until you really understand all the interfaces that you can see the nonlinear and coupled solutions. The ones where you say yeah Sx wouldnt solve Px, and Sy wouldnt solve Py, but Sx + Sy solves Px, Py, and Pz which wasnt even a design criteria!. Thats where the innovation is, in seeing those solutions that arent algorithmically generated, the ones where either of two mutually exclusive extremes are non-ideal and the optimum solution is some tradeoff. THATS what engineering is all about. Thats why you study your brains out trying to understand how everything works and in what ways you can solve problems, because its only after that visceral understanding of the whole system that you get a unified, elegant solution. And looking back, I think thats something MIT looks for in their admissions decisions too. Its easy to think that the best candidate is the broadest and deepest one; the stereotypical encyclopedia of extracurricular activities and good grades. But whats more compelling than a laundry list of sub-achievements are the ones that REALLY define you. The ones youre passionate about and interested in. Those are the ones to express in your application because they show a focused, concise portrait of yourself. And even outside of applications and engineering, I think the principle applies to life in general (at least as much as my admittedly limited and naive experience in life has been). A simple, clear purpose seems preferable to a smörgÃ¥sbord of roles, but knowing what that purpose is requires a very deep understanding of what you want and why its more important than other things you want. So in a very literal way, engineering is my life, and with remarkable overlap the lessons I learn about being a better engineer translate to making me live a happier life (well, eventually. This sleepless streak of a week is getting old). MIT is truly an incredible place to be and learn.

IRAC for Palsgraf vs Long Island Railroad Company - 275 Words

IRAC for Palsgraf vs Long Island Railroad Company (Case Study Sample) Content: IRAC for Palsgraf vs. Long Island Railroad Company Name: Date: Institution Affiliation: IRAC for Palsgraf vs. Long Island Railroad Company According to scholars, the Palsgraf vs. Long Island Railroad Company case is among the most famous case in the history of United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ tort law. The events of the case involved three gentlemen, two guards who were East New York Long Island Rail Road employees and the third one, a passenger. As the passenger was trying to rush and catch a moving train, one guard who was in a car, pulled him into the car, and the other guard, tried to push the passenger into the car. The passenger dropped a package which is alleged to be fireworks. Upon hitting the ground, the fireworks exploded leading the whole train station into a panic by sending shock waves. Scales were knocked down leading to Mrs. Helen Palsgraf sustaining injuries. This fact led to Mrs. Palsgraf suing the Long Island Railroad company for negligence. A series of court event then began as The Trial Court heard Mrs. Palsgraf story. This move caused the Long Island Railroad Company to appeal more than once after affirmation by the Appellate Court. However, the case was reversed and dismissed by the Court of Appeals. This was after the court found that Mrs. Palsgrafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s injuries and the guardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ actions we...

I Was A Music Major Is For Me - 855 Words

â€Å"I thought I was talented†¦then l I came to college† Can you imagine being told your good at something your whole life, then get to college and not be half as good as you thought you were, or maybe not good at all. Just plain BAD! Ok, I’m exaggerating. I’m being really dramatic, but that’s how I feel at least once a month for at least†¦ never mind. In high school, it wasn’t hard for me to stand out. There was one girl that played the snare drum, one person that played classical piano, one person who competed in pageants and gave out signature cards, and one person that said the morning announcements. ME!! I had it ALL!!! All I had to do was smile, and teachers gave me what I wanted. In college, it seems everyone wants what I want. After two weeks, I called my mom crying saying, â€Å"I don’t think being a music major is for me†. I felt so stupid, as I looked at my self cry on FaceTime. (it wasn’t cute) I was struggling terribly in music theory (it’s improving, I guess) and fe lt way behind musically. However, my mom reminded me that I had to work for what I wanted. (something I never did before). I developed a regime where I practice and study non-stop, which works beautifully. I just don’t sleep or eat like a normal human-being, but it’s whatever. The other day, I listened to Pastor Terry Anderson (via YouTube, he lives in Texas) talk about dreams. He said that everyone has a dream that God has placed in our heart, and we must exercise those gifts/dreams to the best of OURShow MoreRelatedPersonal Essay : A Day In The City1245 Words   |  5 Pagesyesterday, I saw something. I noticed there was a group of individuals setting up a tent, electric keyboard, and a few other things amongst these. It was obvious to me as if there was going to be a local concert in the park. I assumed this would be produced by a group of younger people, but it was led by an older group. To me, this was rather interesting since it was as close as Woodruff Park. Th is was a close location from to my dorm and right outside the location of my class. Unfortunately, I was notRead MoreI Attended The Concert Called Artpower ! Presents : St. Lawrence String Quartet949 Words   |  4 Pages On November 7, I attended the concert called â€Å"ArtPower! Presents: St. Lawrence String Quartet† at 8pm in CPMC, UCSD. Four artists performed it: Geoff Nuttall, Mark Fewer for violin, Lesley Robertson for viola, and Christopher Constanza for cello. They performed three String quartets, composed in different eras. The first one is â€Å" String Quartet in C major, Op.76, No.3 ‘Emperor’,† composed by Franz Josef Haydn, 1732-1809. 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Introducing Phrasal Verbs to ESL Students

Getting students to come to terms with phrasal verbs is a constant challenge. The fact of the matter is that phrasal verbs are just rather difficult to learn. Learning phrasal verbs out of the dictionary can help, but students really need to read and hear phrasal verbs in context for them to be able to truly understand the correct usage of phrasal verbs. This lesson takes a two-pronged approach to helping student learn phrasal verbs. It begins with a reading comprehension which can also serve to introduce some interesting student stories for discussion. This comprehension is peppered with phrasal verbs which can then be discussed as a class. The second part of the lesson includes a brainstorming session for students to create lists of phrasal verbs to share with one another. Once students have become familiar with phrasal verbs, you can refer them to these resources to continue their learning. This phrasal verbs reference list will get students started with short definitions of approximately 100 of the most common phrasal verbs. This guide in how to study phrasal verbs will help them develop a strategy to understand and learn phrasal verbs. Aim: Improve phrasal verb vocabulary Activity: Reading comprehension followed by brainstorming session and discussion Level: Intermediate to upper intermediate Outline: Have the students read the short story full of phrasal verbs.Ask them some general comprehension questions about the text. Once they have read the text, ask them to tell a story of their own from their youth.Now that you have discussed the text, ask the students to find the phrasal verbs from the list which occur in the reading selection. Once the students have found these phrasal verbs, ask the students to provide synonyms for the phrasal verbs.Tell the students a little bit about what you have done that teaching day:Example: I got up at seven this morning. After I had breakfast, I put together tonights lesson plan and came to school. I got into the bus at X square and got off at Y square...Ask students which of the verbs you used were phrasal verbs and ask them to repeat those verbs. At this point, you might want to ask them if they have ever taken a look under the heading get in a dictionary. Ask them what they discovered.Explain that phrasal verbs are very important in English - especially for native speakers of the language. You can point out that it might not be important for them to be able to use a lot of phrasal verbs if they use their English with other non-native speakers. However, it is important that they have a passive knowledge of phrasal verbs, as they will need to understand more and more phrasal verbs as they become used to reading, listening, seeing and exploring authentic materials in English. Obviously, if they are going to use their English with native speakers, they will really need to buckle down and get used to using and understanding phrasal verbs.Write a list of common verbs that combine with prepositions to make phrasal verbs. I would suggest the following list:TakeGetMakePutBringTurnBeCarryDivide students into small groups of 3-4 each, ask students to choose three of the verbs from the list and then brainstorm to come up with as many phrasal verbs using each of the three verbs that they can. They should also write example sentences for each of the phrasal verbs.As a class, ask students to take notes while you write the phrasal verbs down that each group provides. You should then give a spoken example or two for each of the phrasal verbs so that students can understand the phrasal verbs from the context of what you are saying.Once you have provided the students with examples, ask the students to read their own examples and check to make sure that they have used the phrasal verbs correctly. NOTE: Dont introduce the idea of separable and inseparable phrasal verbs at this point. The students will already be dealing with almost too much new information. Save that for a future lesson! Adventures Growing Up I was brought up in a small town in the countryside. Growing up in the countryside offered lots of advantages for young people. The only problem was that we often got into trouble as we made up stories that we acted out around town. I can remember one adventure in particular: One day as we were coming back from school, we came up with the brilliant idea to make out that we were pirates looking for treasure. My best friend Tom said that he made out an enemy ship in the distance. We all ran for cover and picked up a number of rocks to use for ammunition against the ship as we got ready to put together our plan of action. We were ready to set off on our attack, we slowly went along the path until we were face to face with our enemy - the postmans truck! The postman was dropping off a package at Mrs. Browns house, so we got into his truck. At that point, we really didnt have any idea about what we were going to do next. The radio was playing so we turned down the volume to discuss what w e would do next. Jack was all for switching on the motor and getting away with the stolen mail! Of course, we were just children, but the idea of actually making off with a truck was too much for us to believe. We all broke out in nervous laughter at the thought of us driving down the road in this stolen Postal Truck. Luckily for us, the postman came running towards us shouting, What are you kids up to?!. Of course, we all got out of that truck as quickly as we could and took off down the road. Phrasal Verbs to make outto make off withto drop offto set offto get out ofto get intoto get readyto be up toto take offto grow upto make upto set offto turn downto get intoto bring upto break out There are at least 7 other phrasal verbs in the text. Can you find them?

The Netherlands Sarah (50th) Birthday Tradition

When you celebrate your 50th birthday, some might see you as being over the hill. In contrast, the Sarah tradition in the Netherlands honors a woman gaining wisdom through experience. It is a milestone birthday that many look forward to. Many consider it a cause to have a huge party. Origin of the Sarah Birthday A tradition that hails from the Netherlands, the Sarah birthday is celebrated when a woman turns 50 and becomes a Sarah.  It means that shes old enough and wise enough to have seen Sarah, the biblical figure and wife of Abraham. Likewise, when a man turns 50, he is an Abraham, old enough to have seen Abraham. This tradition is taken from the Bible, particularly  John 8: 56-58. In this passage, Jesus is asked how he could have seen Abraham if he hadnt yet reached fifty. He surprised the inquisitive Jews by saying,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Truly,  truly, I say to you,  before Abraham was, I am.† Besides being Abrahams wife and a natural companion for seeing Abraham, Sarah is revered for having a baby at an older age. In Genesis 18:10-12, the Bible tells the story of her giving birth well past her childbearing years. Dutch Traditions for a Sarah Birthday The Dutch took this Bible passage and turned it into a longstanding tradition. A persons fiftieth birthday is seen as a great occasion, and there is typically a large party to celebrate. One of the best-known and visible parts of a Sarah birthday is placing a life-sized doll in the front yard of the person whos turning 50. It often appears overnight and is dressed and decorated by her family to represent her life and interests. Men have Abraham dolls appear, often dressed according to their occupation. Over the years, these dolls were similar to scarecrows people decorate their porches with on Halloween: simple, folksy human-sized figures sitting in a chair. In recent years, however, its not unusual to see giant inflatable Sarahs and Abrahams in yards. Some of these even reach heights that can rival the home itself. These dolls are often accompanied by a sign saying, Sara 50 jaar† or Abraham 50 jaar.†Ã‚  Jaar oud is Dutch for years old. It doesnt mean that someone named Sarah or Abraham lives there, just that someones celebrating their 50th birthday. Beyond the yard dolls, Sarahs may receive visitors dressed up as Sarahs with costumes and masks. Its also common to bake a Sarah cake, bread, or cookie in the shape of a female figure. Beyond the 50th Birthday The Dutch have taken this a step further and assigned a couple to each decade of a persons life after 50. At 60, you will have an Isaac or Elisabeth birthday.At 70, you will celebrate a Jacob or Anna birthday.At 80, its time for a Joseph or Deborah birthday.At 90, the party is all about Anthony or Ruth.If you are lucky to hit 100 years old, you have a Methusalem or Judith birthday to look forward to.

The Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution Essay

Margee Herrington Section 3 Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. pp. 6, 63. Christopher Read, the author of the book From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21, is a professor at the University of Warwick in Europe. Read teaches twentieth-century European history. He specializes in the social history of the Russian Revolution and the intellectual history of the Russian intelligentsia between 1900 and 1995. This book is about the Russian Revolution, which is a pair of Revolutions put together. This is known as a broad topic today. From Tsar to Soviets brought up new information on relativities on participating and living through such events and it talks about the way men and women had to live their lives in the villages and towns in Russia. Read talks about many of the hardships and how they had to overcame these hardships through-out this revolution. It was seen as peasants against landlords, nationalists against Great Russians and workers against capitalists. One of Read’s goals was to put more emphasis on social history i n this book. Following the introduction, Read starts chapter one with the title â€Å"Why was Russia Revolutionary?† (Read, 6). Read states that Russia is revolutionary because of rural crisis, Industrial innovation, and PoliticalShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1295 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Following the Second World War, complications arose centering on the shifting of international power. The Soviet Union wanted to acquire additional territory, while the United States attempted to limit the gains desired by the soviets. 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For they saw religion as a malicious idea, which caused them to see churches as a danger to the bourgeoisie because they believed that the proletarians wereRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of The Soviet Union1654 Words   |  7 Pages The Russian Red Army liberated Berlin from Nazi dominance and control in 1945, installing their own governmental ideologies, social, economic, and political terms. Contracting postwar governments, in the post war period immediately after the war known as Zero Hour. Once the Russians liberated Germany a ny type of governmental stability and law/order just deteriorated. In its wake building East Germany to become known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR) under the control of the Soviet UnionRead MoreThe Russian Bolshevik Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1578 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution provides some of the most dynamic and complex parts of history. New countries and governing systems arise from revolution, and these changes not only affect said countries, but also the rest of the world. In the case of the Russian Bolshevik Revolution, the political changes that occurred sent the rest of the world into panic, as they sensed a dangerous threat to their political and social systems. With social and political issues tracing back to 1891, the conditions of Russia in 1917Read MoreRussian Politics Final Questions On The Soviet Revolution3732 Words   |  15 PagesScott Talentino Robert Nalbandov Russian Politics Russian Politics Final-Questions 1 3 Question 1-What were the most important causes of the fall of the Tsarist regime and its replacement by a â€Å"Socialist† system? Throughout various episodes in history, multiple variables contribute to the rise and collapse of different regimes. During the later stages of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, the Tsarist regime teetered towards collapse and eventually faced its demise due to a plethora of factorsRead MoreLeon Trotsky s Influence On The Soviet Revolution1496 Words   |  6 Pagesrevolutionary who played a leading role in the 1905 Revolution, in the eventual Communist Revolution of October 1917, and in the Russian Civil War. Without Trotsky’s impact in the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks would have been defeated. His own beliefs on Marxism combined with his intellect made Trotsky a target and influential leader in the Soviets. From his studies on Marxism, he created Trotskyism, a Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution. Also, his organization-building skills andRead MoreThe History of the Russian Revolution Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Russian Revolution is a widely studied and seemingly well understood time in modern, European history, boasting a vast wealth of texts and information from those of the likes of Robert Service, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Allan Bullock, Robert Conquest and Jonathan Reed, to name a few, but none is so widely sourced and so heavily relied upon than that of the account of Leon Trotsky, his book â€Å"History of the Russian Revolution† a somewhat firsthand account of the events leading up to the formationRead MoreKarl Marx and The Russian Revolution Essay example967 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx, a German philosopher, is known for his revolutionary political ideas during the Russian Revolution. He established the idea of â€Å"materialist conception of history†, meaning how society and the economy is organized is determined by changes material conditions. He published this thesis in his manuscript called The German Ideology. While writing The German Ideology, Marx also joined the Communist Lea gue, an international proletarian organization, and wrote a polemic against P.J. Proudhon’s

Lada de Brasil Case Free Essays

Lado do Brazil is struggling to remain a profitable importer of cars in the Brazilian market. To remain profitable LDB needs to increase its sales and maintain its efficient cost structure. The recession, regulatory uncertainty, and increased competition are all factors that are reducing and threatening the sales and profitability of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Lada de Brasil Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to counter these threats and increase sales, LDB needs a more aggressive sales strategy, needs to continue to leverage its existing relationships with dealers, local parts manufacturers, and the local government, and should solely focus on being a low cost provider. This should allow LDB to maintain profitability throughout the recession, and continue to be the import leader in a growing and underserved Brazilian auto market. Although the relationship with the Russian auto supplier (VAZ) is not the primary focus of our analysis, it is important to note that VAZ is in the midst of an uncertain economic and political period. Their ability to provide LDB with cars could be jeopardized, thus, a contingency plan is essential. LDB should explore partnerships with other automakers, Toyota or Hyundai. CURRENT CHALLENGES The most pressing challenge faced by Lada is declining sales. In the second half of the year, sales declined consistently. LDB’s market share declined in Q4, indicating its competitive edge is diminishing. Mitigation of the challenges below is imperative. Market The Regulatory Environment   is a hindrance to our price competitiveness and profitability. The primary issues are high tariffs and potential price freezes, but constantly changing rules (ex. tax exceptions, rate changes) threaten our competitiveness. High inflation and Foreign exchange risk are both consistent threats to our ability to compete in Brazil. High inflation leads to constant re-pricing and decreases the availability of financing. It also leads to cruzerio devaluation relative to the dollar and has caused us to lose money on otherwise profitable sales in the past (taxis). Increased price competitiveness of the market is also of concern. Domestic producers have recently agreed to cut prices in exchange for tax breaks, and there is speculation of new low cost cars entering the market. Internal Parent Supply As the USSR transitions away from Communist rule to a free market economy, VAZ becomes unable to serve its demands for domestic and foreign supply. The ability of VAZ to provide LDB with cars at a competitive price is at risk. In addition, theres are speculations that Fiat will purchase a 30% stake in VAZ, increasing uncertainty of the future of LDB’s parent company. RECOMMENDATION By enhancing sales strategies as outlined below, and by taking steps to protect our price advantage, sales should increase and we will retain our position as a price leader. Sales Strategies Refine Product Offering LDB’s value proposition is selling low cost vehicles. The higher priced Samara has consistently sold poorly and dilutes LDB’s brand. LDB should phase out the Samara in favor of the Laika and Niva. The Laika has been the best seller and should continue to be popular as a cost conscious choice. The Niva’s strong summer sales, coupled with the less competitive S. U. V. market suggests that the Niva is the best opportunity for sales growth. Increase Direct Sales LDB should expand the direct import program. The elimination of a middle man is advantageous because it reduces consumer prices and can increase LDB’s profitability. Implement â€Å"Just-in-time Delivery† To reduce dealer price risks and to incentivize dealers to sell more Ladas, LDB should leverage their bonded warehouse by executing a policy of â€Å"Just-in-time Delivery† of the cars. Instead of requiring dealers to front capital and use inventory space, they hold a minimum inventory and could purchase cars as needed knowing LDB would deliver promptly. This helps eliminate currency risk because money and cars are exchanged simultaneously. Argentina The pact between Brazil and Argentina offers LDB the opportunity to increase sales by selling cars in Argentina without additional tariffs. If the local market continues to stagnate, this could be an alternative market. Supplier Strategy The supplier, VAZ, is operating in an uncertain economic environment and is experiencing difficulties meeting production. To mitigate this risk, LDB should consider partnerships with Hyundai or Toyota. These firm are both low cost manufacturers with an interest in the Brazilian market that would allow us to continue our import business in Brazil. ALTERNATIVES In the process of reaching the stated recommendations, alternative options were considered. To increase sales, LDB could partner with a local bank to offer financing directly to consumers. This makes our car more accessible to consumers that don’t have the assets to purchase outright. Although we believe this would be an excellent opportunity to increase sales, financing is not a core competency of LDB, and finding a banking partner could prove difficult. An additional alternative would be to sell a more upscale car to cater to a demographic that has higher income, resulting in higher margins. Mercedes is fifth in production displaying that there is an available niche market with few competitors. However, the higher-priced cars are contradictory to LDB’s value proposition and dilute the brand message as the lowest priced car on the market. Unlike Mercedes, Lada is not associated with luxury and prestige. LDB could increase its total demand by engaging in contracts to supply cars to the Brazilian government and large institutions. Due to experience with secondary sales platforms, LDB would be able to navigate relations outside of traditional dealer relations. The volume of the negotiated contracts would also allow for substantial discounts of 25% or more. However, in a recession, institutions are unlikely to engage in financial commitments, even though our car is the lowest priced. This option may be feasible under more economically prosperous times when firms are actively expanding. CONCLUSION To increase sales and overall profitability in the current market environment in Brazil, LDB should refine its product mix to better fit the domestic demand. Additionally, LDB should further penetrate the market by focusing on building long-term relations with dealers and expanding to sell directly to consumers without access to dealers. While focusing on increasing market hare, LDB should diversify its supply channels to mitigate the risk of VAZ being unable to supply cars at a competitive price. While mitigating the risks in the short-term, these strategies position LDB for long-term success. 1. Figure 3 Figure 3 LDB ’s Business Process LDB ’s Business Process 2 . 2 . Daily . Daily . 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 4 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 1 . 1 . Direc t Sales 1. Consumers contact the dealer and purchase the car in full at a 20% discount. 2. LDB sends the car to the consumer directly. 3. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Direct Sales 4. Consumers contact the dealer and purchase the car in full at a 20% discount. . LDB sends the car to the consumer directly. 6. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Dealer Sales 1. Dealers sell the cars to the consumers using our demo cars. 2. Consumers pay the dealer in Cr. 3. Dealers pay LDB in Cr. 4. LDB sends the cars to the dealers. (Just in time delivery) 5. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Dealer Sales 6. Dealers sell the cars to the consumers using our demo cars. 7. Consumers pay the dealer in Cr. 8. Dealers pay LDB in Cr. 9. LDB sends the cars to the dealers. (Just in time delivery) 10. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk How to cite Lada de Brasil Case, Papers

The Ethical Behaviour of the Companies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disuss about the Ethical Behaviour of the academic writing Companies. Answer: This is an essay, which critically analyzes the ethical behaviour of the academic writing companies. The recent trends suggest that a large number of students are taking help from these companies to meet their deadline and receive a score, which is above their potential. This had lead to the development of large number of companies in the market who are providing these services to various students by taking some amount of compensation from the market. However, most of these companies claim they provide solutions that are just for reference purposes, which will help the student to identify the ways of writing an academic journal. Moreover, there are lot of things about academic writing which is unknown to students having English as their second language and do not have enough support from the universities (Wallace, Newton, 2014). There are students who are struggling for help and are not getting enough support, these people are forced to opt these kind of option so that they have a c hance to score a decent amount marks in their respective colleges. The numbers of companies who have been providing these kinds of services to the students have surged up significantly. Most of these companies rate least bothered about the ways the student will be using the provided sample solution. There are some students who buy these solutions as a reference for their own writing materials but there are large number of student who have using the work of someone else to score good marks. These academic writing companies provide excellent solution, which do not justify the ability of the students. There are student who does not have any knowledge about the academic concept of the assignment and just want to take a short cut in their life (Clare, Walker Hobson, 2017). These students do not want to work but need results to sustain in the Universities so they opt for this convenient option. This is unfair for those entire students who are trying hard on their own to create a good assignment. This is an important ethical issue as most of the student a re using this assignment solution in a wrong way and submitting plagiarised work of someone else to gain good marks. The solutions provided by these companies are top class quality papers and there are lot of students who do not have enough basic knowledge understand the depth of the assignment. There are lot of students who are not use this methods and it is unfair to the people who are working hard to achieve something. There is an ethical issue, which is being faced by lot of universities and professors as they feel that there are lot of student who are providing unexceptional assignments and scoring better marks than the deserving ones (Lancaster Clarke, 2014). The emergence of large of companies in this industry has gained the attention of lot of researchers and university professors who feel it is unethical to provide such service to these students. There are students who feel that this is against the values and morality of an individual and it is unethical on the part of the students and the companies to involve such activities. The ethical aspect of this type of organization can be defined based on the core values of the organization (Moriarty et al., 2016). However, all the companies who are providing this kind of service to the clients are unethical in nature. The four levels of the business ethics include the personal, organizational, national and international. The personal level deals with the individual ethical practices in a business setting and there are lot of academic writers who feel that they only help the students to provide them with the idea of doing an assignment, which they are not capable of doing on their own. There a re lot of writers who feel that they provide the solution as a reference and how the student use it is not a concern for them. However, considering the overall scenario the academic writers are conducting unethical practices by providing the students with the desired solution (Dawson Sutherland-Smith, 2017). There is a generation of need in this industry and when the business standards are concerned, all the companies will try to take advantage of this situation in the market. Thus, from the perspective of the circumstances in the business environment it is the right that the companies are making. There are some companies who try to defend their morals and values by saying that they are providing guidance to the students that is not unethical. At an organizational level, the companies are following the trends followed by the first movers in the industry. The practices followed by most of the companies are unethical as they are allowing the student use the content of the report as their own. The companies are to acquire more and more consumers and this has caused the organization to use means that are ethically inappropriate. The vision of the company has been disrupted due to the urge in gaining competitive advantage to the market and the companies have resorted to unethical practices (Joseph 2017). This industry is having adverse affect on the society as the students are looking for shortcuts to secure good marks in all the subjects. This will degrade the quality of the students and they will become incompetent. There are lots of students who have stopped studying and are totally relying on the solution that has been provided by the companies in this market. This industry is causing harm for both the students and degradin g the quality of graduates all over the world. Globalization has increased the reach of these companies and these companies have spread their markets in the different parts of the world. This shows that this industry is affecting the society at an international level and there are large numbers of students who are becoming the victims (Palmer, 2017). They are not realizing this at this present moment but later on in their lives, these students will face problems regarding the knowledge in their respective fields. The four levels of ethics are clearly depicting the broader aspects where these malpractices are affecting the overall development of students from all over the world. The normative theories of ethics can be used to critically evaluate the practices followed by these companies in the market. Consequentialism consists of two principles where the validity of an act depends on its outcome. The act can be considered right or wrong depending on the result, the students are submitting the work done by the professional academic writers and they are securing good marks. Therefore, from a narrow perspective it may seem that the outcome is good but in the end, the purpose of the assignment fails. The assignment are given to students so that they are able learn new things on their own and grab a better understanding of the subjects (Bonnemains, Claire Tessier, 2016). However, the students are getting good marks but they are unable to acquire any knowledge throughout the course of their program. This phenomenon is having an adverse effect on the society as it is degrading the quality of education in the society. Moreover, if this keeps on continuing there wil l be further degrading in the education system where the student will be able to use shortcut methods to achieve their goals. The personal value and the ethics of the student will also be hampered as they stop doing the hard work they ought to do. When a student finds out about this available option they will be able to make sure that they use every means possible to secure good marks. Thus, the ethical values they have acquired over the period of time will be eliminated and will lose all their morals and ethical virtues (Trevino Nelson, 2016). The deontology principle is different from the consequentialist theory and outcome of the incident is not important in this field of philosophy. The theory of deontology is based on nonconsequentilist theory where the means used to convey the act is very important. In this scenario, the students are using unethical means and taking undue advantage of the availability of these services. The organizations in this industry are using unethical means to increase their consumer base where they are providing the students with the exact solution of their assignments (Robinson, Page-Gould Plaks, 2017). They are using Search Engine optimization to lure in students and promise them to secure good marks in their respective subjects. However, even though morally the practices used by this industry is wrong according to deontology there is nothing wrong the methods used by the organization., The organization is trying to fulfil the demand in the markets so that they are providing. They are not us ing fraudulent methods but they are providing the students with accurate solution and helping them to overcome their shortcoming and obstacles. The organization in this industry is trying to provide guidance to those students who do not have knowledge regarding assignments. Thus, it is seen that deontology is contradicting the theory proposed by the consequentialist theory (Lefkowitz, 2017). The theory virtue ethics is based on the personal virtue of the human beings and in this case, the right or wrong will be dependent on the values and moralities of a personal human being. Thus, the aspect of this industry will vary from person to person as individuals have their own set of principles (Russell, 2016). The students who take help from the companies in this industry feel that they are not doing anything unethical, as they do not get enough amount of help from the universities. However, there are students who feel that these are unethical practices, which should be strictly avoided. This contradiction in opinion will depend on the individual value system of the various individuals. The students who take help from the writers of the academic companies will have to face a lot of hardship in their path later on in their life. People use the knowledge they have gained during the graduation and post graduation to work in the industry (Clare, Walker Hobson, 2017). These students will not gain significant knowledge and they will face a lot of challenges in the market. The students are meant to learn this concepts so that they can apply those concept during their field of work in respected companies but as they are unable to gain any previous knowledge they will not be able to apply these principles in the real life context (Elliot, 2016). Moreover, they will be unable sustain in the market as they do not have the capabilities and the knowledge. These types of individuals should be heavily penalised and they should be forced to repeat a year so that they do not use similar methods. There is a loophole that has been generated in this system and it is natural instinct t hat people take advantage of the situations. The professors in the various universities all over the world do not emphasise on finding out whether then student has written the assignment or not. The universities should conduct a viva, which will test the knowledge of the students that they gained throughout the project. The students who are caught should be severely penalised so that this could set an example for the other students who are thinking of using this methods to get good marks (Annas, 2017). The government should do something about it and make this services provided by the companies as illegal. There are lot of companies in the market who show a different mode of operation but their actual business something different. The government from various parts of the the world should restrict these companies from continuing their business in this field. The universities all over the world are also to be blamed, as they do not provide enough support to the students (Wang, Cheney Roper, 2016). The universities should start programs, which will provide the students with practical knowledge regarding the execution of research studies and other projects, which require in depth understanding of the various concepts. Similarly, they should teach students about the statistical analysis tool, which will help the student in producing good projects. Contract cheating is a problem, which the government from different parts of the world are trying to stop. However, the universities have not been able to mitigate this issues due to their lack of knowledge about the companies in this segment. The government form different countries are to provide guidance regarding the usage of this services but this will only be possible if the students stop relying on this companies (Gorski, 2017). The government have made the rules stricter for the students and if caught under this crime they could be recorded in the list of the criminals in the country. A proposal has been placed in the government of Europe where the students will receive different forms of punishment depending upon the severity of the crime. The students may be blacklisted or may be heavily fined which will ruin the career of the student. However, even though the universities use complex methods of detecting plagiarism but still they are unable to detect the event of contract c heating (Newton Lang, 2016). There are various countries where this industry is legal and so the universities from the different parts of the world are helpless in doing something about it (Van Hooft , 2014). Thus, from the above essay it can be concluded that it is highly unethical of the companies who are trying to provide the students with solutions of their academic assignments. Moreover, the students who are using this methods to secure good marks should be banned so that it could set an example for other students who use this malpractices. It is unfair for those entire students who are working really hard to earn their grades. The continuous expansion of this industry will degrade the quality of the degree offered by all the top universities from all around the world. The loopholes in the university framework have to be mended if they want to stop these activities. The universities will have to eliminate the demand that has been generated by the students. The universities should conduct seminars and workshops to educate the students especially the foreign student who have English as their second language. The guidance provided by the universities will definitely reduce the demand, a s the students will feel more confident about doing the projects on their own. The students should be provided with the better understanding of the subject so that they can apply the concepts in a better way. Thus, the conclusion that can be drawn from the essay is that these practices are highly unethical and should be prevented to make improvements in the quality of the degree offered by the universities. Reference Annas, J. (2017). Which Variety of Virtue Ethics?. InVarieties of Virtue Ethics(pp. 35-51). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Bonnemains, V., Claire, S., Tessier, C. (2016). How Ethical Frameworks Answer to Ethical Dilemmas: Towards a Formal Model. InEDIA@ ECAI(pp. 44-51). Clare, J., Walker, S., Hobson, J. (2017). Can we detect contract cheating using existing assessment data? Applying crime prevention theory to an academic integrity issue.International Journal for Educational Integrity,13(1), 4. Clare, J., Walker, S., Hobson, J. (2017). Can we detect contract cheating using existing assessment data? Applying crime prevention theory to an academic integrity issue.International Journal for Educational Integrity,13(1), 4. Dawson, P., Sutherland-Smith, W. (2017). Can markers detect contract cheating? Results from a pilot study.Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 1-8. Elliot, D. (2016). The Turn to Classification in Virtue Ethics: A Review Essay. Gorski, P. S. (2017). Recovered Goods: Durkheimian Sociology as Virtue Ethics. InVarieties of Virtue Ethics(pp. 181-198). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Joseph, C. (2017). How Prevalent is Contract Cheating and to What Extent are Students Repeat Offenders?. Lancaster, T., Clarke, R. (2014, July). An Observational Analysis of the Range and Extent of Contract Cheating from Online Courses Found on Agency Websites. InComplex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2014 Eighth International Conference on(pp. 56-63). IEEE. Lefkowitz, J. (2017).Ethics and values in industrial-organizational psychology. Taylor Francis. Moriarty, C., Lang, C., Usdansky, M., Kanani, M., Jamieson, M., Gallant, T. B., George, V. (2016). INSTITUTIONAL TOOLKIT TO COMBAT CONTRACT CHEATING. Newton, P. M., Lang, C. (2016). Custom essay writers, freelancers, and other paid third parties.Handbook of academic integrity, 249-271. Palmer, E. (2017). Beyond proximity: Consequentialist ethics and system dynamics.Etikk i praksis-Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics,11(1), 89-105. Robinson, J. S., Page-Gould, E., Plaks, J. E. (2017). I appreciate your effort: Asymmetric effects of actors' exertion on observers' consequentialist versus deontological judgments.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,73, 50-64. Russell, B. (2016). Contractualism, Consequentialism and the Moral Landscape: A New Pro-Contractualist Picture of Ethical Theory. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Van Hooft, S. (2014).Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge. Wallace, M. J., Newton, P. M. (2014). Turnaround time and market capacity in contract cheating.Educational Studies,40(2), 233-236. Wang, Y., Cheney, G., Roper, J. (2016). Virtue Ethics and the PracticeInstitution Schema: An Ethical Case of Excellent Business Practices.Journal of Business Ethics,138(1), 67-77.

Force and Initial Velocity Essay Sample free essay sample

1. A auto speeds up from 40 kilometers per hours to 55 kilometers per hours to catch a truck. If this requires 15 s. what is the ( a ) acceleration and ( B ) distance traveled by the auto? 2. Albert is siting his scooter at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour when he sees an old adult female traversing the route 45 m off. He instantly steps difficult on the brakes to acquire the maximal acceleration of 7. 5 m/square 2nd. how far will he travel before halting? Will he hit the old adult female? 3. the clip a male bungee jumper if freely falling is 1. 5 seconds ( a ) What is the speed of the jumper at the terminal of 1. 5 s?( B ) how high did he fall? 4. A juggler tosses three balls alternately vertically upward. each ball has an initial speed of 5 m/s. ( a ) how high does each ball rise? ( B ) How long will it take each ball to be caught by the juggler at the same degree at they were release? ( degree Celsius ) What is the speed of each ball after 1 s? 5. A long jumper leaves the Land at an angle of 30 grades to the horizontal and at a velocity of 6 m/s ( a ) How high did he leap? ( B ) How long did it take before he landed on the land? ( degree Celsius ) how far did he leap? SELF CHECK ACTIVITY ON LAWS OF MOTION 1. A 3/ . 5 kilogram papaia is pushed across a tabular array. If the acceleration of the papaia is 2. 2 m/square 2nd to the left. what is the force exerted on the papaia? 2. A changeless net force of 200 N is exerted to speed up cart from remainder to a speed of 40 m/s in 10 s. What is the mass of the cart.

Informative Paper free essay sample

Introduction I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: Staple center, Los Angeles, California. Friday November, 4th 2013 1:24PM The Championship match. After a weekend full of ups and downs, twist and turns it all comes to this. 1 week earlier, the previous Friday thousands have flown down to the heart of it all. Crowded around the event hall doors, people everywhere, spectators itching to get the best seats. Players going over in game builds, timings, and strategies just one more time until the doors finally open. 8 teams of 5 players to a team were seated into the week long tournament and now only two remain. Royal Club and SK Telecom are season veterans of League of Legends and now they sit on opposite ends on top of the world championship main stage. Ready to compete head to head for the grand prize of 1 million dollars in front of 1000s right there in Los Angeles and millions watching from all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page II. Topic: These millions from around the world have emitted their love for gaming into a hugely popular phenomena known as Electronic sports or better known as of E-Sports. Viewership has seen explosive growth in 2013 and is still growing with no sign of deterrence. Now with the integration of technology into our culture a new type of athlete has risen. One that doesn’t achieve victory heavily based on the bronze that is armed but with the critical thinking and reflex of the mind. An outsider might find this such a concept laughable but these pro gamers are far from any negative stereotypes you may have. III. Ethos Audience Adaptation: My name is Jonathon Allen and I have been a fan and member of the E-Sports community for nearly a decade. I have had opportunities to play professionally at the MLG North American Regionals in Columbus and New York  in 2012 which I have placed 2nd and 3rd in out of 30 teams. Over the years I have also conducting extensive research on E-Sports ranging from players and teams to the technology side of running and mending events in the industry. E-Sports can be a lot to digest for someone looking in for the first time so I’ll explain exactly what and how big E-Sports really is including the potential E-Sports has to expand and grow. Before we go any further I’d like to present this video to visually show you exactly what E-Sports is and most importantly what it feels like. Visual Aid! Body I.This is E-Sports, competition at its finest. Players competing for cash prizes ranging from thousands to millions. Top players make 6 figure incomes and are even sponsored by big corporations such as Monster, Intel, Redbull, Asus, and Kingston. Pro gamers are locked into head to head combat in games like League of Legends. A DOTA-MMO style game that’s played as a team of 5 people VS 5 people. The object of the game is strategizing on how to win by taking the enemies base while leveling up and generating gold. Most games usually last around 40 minutes. II.You may ask; why would someone watch someone else play a video game? That’s simple; the excitement from watching others play video games stands as the same excitement we get from watching other athletes perform at sports such as football. T.J. Heffer from PC gamer Magazine states â€Å"What makes any competition interesting is watching very skilled individuals struggle for victory in a setting where the outcome is uncertain and the moment to moment back and forth keeps you on your toes.† Heffer continuous â€Å"Rather or not you want to call them sports they showcase people with amazing critical thinking, planning, and decision making skills and frankly inhuman reflexes as well. The level of professional level in a game lie League of Legends is mind boggling.† Professional gamers put their heart and soul into the game. They have drive, passion, hard work and dedication just like any professional athlete you can think of. III.As I’m assuming E-Sports may be alien to many of you but in nations like South Korea games such as StarCraft have already become something of a national sport. Paul Tassi of Forbs Magazine said â€Å"Overseas, top players are treated like professional Athletes.† Though South Korea has become atoned to the notion of playing games professionally North America believe it or not is where the biggest interest for pro gaming lies. In North American E-Sports, leagues and organizations have risen and grown in the past 3 years. In of these leagues the biggest E-Sports organization is Major League Gaming or MLG. Founded in 2002 Major League Gaming features numerous tournaments in a year where various gamers fly out to major cities across the US like Columbus to compete. In MLG’s Annual Viewership Report for the 2013 season they reported 15 million unique viewers tuned into watch online during the 2013 season. As those 15 million viewers tuned in last year it’s clear that E-Sports has already landed a very stable footing into the hearts of Americans across the United States. But perhaps even more thrilling and exciting is the growth that E-Sports has already shown. Between 2010 – 2013 MLG has seen a 733% growth in viewership from 1.8 million to 15 Million. Comparing that to the NFLS record growth of 18% in the past 3 years that’s 715% more than the NFL. Let’s not down play the viewership of the NFL which has recorded a record of 28.1 Million viewers for their 2013 – 2014 season. But you start to understand thus to how much potential E-Sports has when MLG a company that’s only been around for 11 years has acquired a viewership of 15 million. Just a little above half of the NFLS record viewer count 28.1 an organization that has been around for nearly a 100 years. Conclusion With these statistics of expansion and with how overseas treats E-Sports like a national sport and with pro gamers possessing the same set of virtues that any professional athlete has along the millions around the globe that  already are a part of the community only drives E-Sports. It’s not really a question of is it, it’s really a question of when! When asked about where he sees E-Sports going and what to expect of the industry. MLG Co-Founder Sundance DiGiovanni in a position that puts him at the hell of the entire E-Sports industry told Forbs Magazine in 2012 â€Å"that in 5 years he expects E-Sports to be a globally recognized phenomena. A truly established global sport.†

Brown essays

Brown essays A selection group consists of a test and two sets of one or more operations (statements). The test must be stated so that it yields a true or false result. One set of statements is performed when the outcome of the test is true. The other set is performed when the outcome is false. The flowchart in Figure 5-1 illustrates the flow of control through a selection group. The two sets of statements are mutually exclusive; that is, only one is performed. The next statement to be performed is then the statement following the selection group. There is a special case of the selection group in which the false case is null-that is, contains no statements. When the false case is null, a false result simply causes an exit from the selection group, and no statements are executed. This type of selection group is illustrated in Figure 5-2. The key words if, then, and else are used for selection. End if is placed at end (bottom) of the selection group. The general structure is shown in Figure 5-3. It is very important that the Figure 5-1 Flowchart of the general from of the selection group. Statement in the THEN and ELSE sets be indented under their corresponding key words so that each that each stands out clearly from the other. Figure 5-2. Flowchart of a selection group having a null false case. If the ELSE set is null, it is simply omitted, as shown in figure 5-4 Figure 5-3 General form of the selection group in pseudocode. The boxes represent sets of one or more statements. Figure 5-4 General form of the selection group in pseudocode when the else case is null. The box represents sets of one or more statements. (Solutions precede the exercises at the end of the chapter.) 5-1. Construct an If- then-else that instructs the computer to print the message There is no sales tax if the tax code is zero and The sales tax is 4% otherwise. 5-2. Construct an if-then-else that instructs the computer to add 1 to freshman counter if classif...

Bullfighting in spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bullfighting in spain - Essay Example Osborne took the challenge and engineered a twenty three foot, nine thousand pound bull. It became an instant landmark. The bull, like many other advertisements around the Spanish country side, where part of an intricate cultural display that attracted foreigners and kept the country’s identity. It was categorized among other cultural phenomenon such as Escorial, the Acueduct, Giralde, and the flamenco show all of which are major tourist attractions in Spain (Garry, 28). Today there are over 90 Osborne bulls around the country serving as land marks and tourist attraction all over the country. During legislative crack down on the relevance of the Osborne bull since it stopped being associated with the distillery anymore, it was revered as not only an advertisement or a tourist attraction, but also a true representation of the Spaniards’ culture of bull fighting. The culture is so wide spread around the country and so deeply embedded within the society that go as far as embossing on clothing, mugs among other decorative objects. Regional mascots can be found around the country giving the sport the recognition and passion it requires. Nevertheless, bullfighting has not been accepted with open arms because it can be seen as animal cruelty since the bull is â€Å"tortured† before it is killed. Animal activists all over the world have come up with reason after reason have the practice banned in Spain. In Catalonia, for instance, they consider this behaviour uncivilized and are more often than not protesting against it at their Spanish Embassy. They posse an ethical challenge insisting that no human with their limit of morality would go through the process of bull fight and come out unscathed (Bradley, 34). Before the bull is put into the ring or corrida it has to undergo cruel three steps, also known as tercio, to ready it for the oncoming spectacle. In the first step,

Essay Questions For My Midterm Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions For My Midterm - Essay Example the staff should keep in mind include integrating current structures while working on new structures to improve service delivery (project management and program management slide 10). The growth and effective service delivery will depend majorly on the effectiveness of the IRM staff. The team should practically lay strategies that reflect the plan’s objective. The applicability of their knowledge towards the political science plan will depend on existing structure and will focus on logistics. The two rules in the CPIC process will include information security, which will entail delivery and evaluation of the system without experiencing external forces interference. The second rule will be on system performance; the system will undergo scrutiny and evaluate its viability in an aim of ensuring quick and effective service delivery. The system should ensure compliance with the OMB requirement. The plan will contain three phases; the first phase will involve selection criteria to choose. The CIO will do the system selection where a cost benefit analysis will be done. The security and reliability of the system will be done prior to its applicability to the political science class. The design will be adjusted top meet the proposed standards. After a reliable system is chosen, the system undergoes the second phrase, which is control, the IRM team will ensure that there exist limits in which the system will operate, the period placed for the CPIC will be adhered to and the team w ill enable the IT initiatives are executed. The final phase will be the evaluation phase, the system will be evaluated according to its outcome and the invest performance will be compared to the amount of resources pumped into the system. The period given will determine if the system is below par of is working according to plan. Departments requesting for ongoing projects or new projects will have to forward their request to the financial manager who is under the CIO and attach the proposal

Cameras are an everyday commodity

Cameras are an everyday commodity Introduction / history Cameras are an everyday commodity and are commonly used today. It is a much simpler and advance device compared to the first ever camera made; the camera obscura. It was a sliding wooden box camera with a dark chamber which consists of an optical device. The first photograph taken with the camera obscura was by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in year 1814 but the image was only temporary. Soon after, the first practical photograph method was invented by Louis Jacques Daguerre and named it â€Å"daguerreotype†. However the process was perfected by William Fox Talbot and named it the â€Å"Calotype† in 1840. It is the first negative-positive process making multiple copies possible. The use of photographic film was found by George Eastman. His first camera called â€Å"Kodak† was a very simple box camera with a fixed focus lens and single shutter speed. It came along with a relatively low price which appealed to many average consumers. In 1900, He broadens mass market photography by introducing the concept of snapshot also known as â€Å"the Brownie†. George Eastman is known to bring photography and cameras general to the public. In 1913, the first 35mm camera develops. Oskar Barnack explored using 35mm cine film while building a compact camera capable for high quality enlargements. It gains immediate popularity as the format of choice for high end compact cameras. The 35mm cameras were expensive for most people and remain rollfilm as the format of choice for mass market cameras. However, 35mm film came to dominate the market when the cheapest cameras using rollfilm was discontinued. As conventional cameras became more sophisticated, a new type of camera appeared in the market. Edwin Land invented instant cameras; Polaroid photography. The Polaroid camera allows photographer to remove a developing print after the image is snapped. It was later made available to the public in 1948. In 1986, Fuji introduced disposable cameras. It is a camera that recycles parts which later was named â€Å"single use cameras†. In the late 1980s, digital photography entered the market of commerce. Kodaks introduction on the professional digital camera system (DSC) allows photojournalists to take electronic pictures. However, the first real digital camera introduced to consumers was in 1990. The camera was able to store compressed images and later downloaded into a PC or a Mac via cable. Photography became common to consumers and made available to consumers by the creator of Macintosh computer. It is a color digital camera with a 50mm fixed focus lens. Also able to store images into its memory, this had set some quality for digital cameras in the future.

Islam world Essay

European countries colonized most of the Islam world in eighteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. They were able to manage the finances and economies of these countries which only catered on their own interests and in their own ways. Banks all over the world have their own system in operating their organization. They set policies to attain their specific objectives and goals. One of these is the Islamic banking. Islamic banking as defined in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia refers to a system of banking or banking activity which is consistent with Islamic law (Sharia) principles and guided by Islamic economics. In Islamic law, it forbids usury, the collection and payment of interest which is usually called as riba in Islamic discourse. In general, the Islamic law forbids trading in financial risk which is seen as a form of gambling. It also forbids investing in businesses that are considered haram such as businesses which involve in alcohol or pork, or businesses which produce un-Islamic media. Numerous of Islamic banking was founded in the late 20th century to cater to this specific banking market. History of Islamic Banking During the time of Prophet Muhammad, the Muslim communities have limited banking activity such as acceptance of deposits. In those days, the Muslims deposited their money with the Prophet or with the First Khalif of Islam whose name is Abu Bakr Sedique. The first Islamic bank was founded in Egypt which was put into under cover without giving any hint of Islamic image for having the fear of being seen as a manifestation of Islamic fundamentalism. In 1963, there was a pioneering effort made by Ahmed El Najjar who took the form of savings bank based on profit-sharing in Egyptian town of Mit Ghamr as an experiment. But the experimentation was ended in 1967 because during those days, there were nine banks in the country which had the same system as his. Principles in Islamic Banking Just like other banking systems, Islamic banking follows same purpose except that it operates in accordance with the rules of Shariah which is known as Figh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of riba’ which means interest is the basic principle in Islamic banking. There are common Islamic concepts which are used by the Islamic banking and these are the Mudharabah ( profit sharing) , Wadiah (safekeeping), Musharakah (joint venture), Murabahah ( cost plus) and Ijarah (leasing). Islamic banking uses many approaches in operating the system, if someone would like to loan the buyer money for him to purchase the selected item he chooses, the bank might be the one to buy that item to the seller and re-sell it to him at a profit by allowing him to pay the bank in installments but before his loan will be approved, the bank would ask him to have his strict collateral for bank’s protection against default. The land or goods which are registered in his name from the start of the transaction are the possible collateral. However, if he has late payment, there will be no additional penalties. This kind of arrangement is known as Murabaha. Ijara wa Iqtina is another approach use by Islamic banking. It is just similar to real estate leasing. All Islamic banks have the same approaches when it comes to vehicle loans. They sell the vehicle at a higher rate than in the market price to the debtor and have his/her ownership of the vehicle until the loan is paid. Islamic banks also used several approaches in business deals. They lend money to the some companies by issuing floating rate interest loans. This floating rate of interest is pegged to the company’s individual rate of return. In other words, the bank’s profit on the loan has equal ratio to a certain percentage of the company’s profit. There will be profit-sharing arrangement if the principal amount of the loan is repaid. This kind of approach is called Musharaka. Another approach is the Mudaraba. It is a venture capital funding which the bank provides financing while a certain entrepreneur provides labor so that both risk and profit are commonly shared. This kind of arrangement reflects the Islamic view that the borrower must not only be the one to bear all the risk or cost of a failure. Islamic banking only finance the Islamic acceptable deals and it doesn’t involve in alcohol, pork, gambling and other form of businesses that are against in their beliefs. The only acceptable form of investment is the ethical investing and moral purchasing is encouraged. Recently, there are numerous Islamic banks opened in the Muslim world but they still have a very small share of the global banking system. Concepts in Islamic debt banking *Wadiah (Safekeeping) The bank is entrusted as a keeper and trustee of funds. An individual deposits fund in the bank and the bank will guarantee and assure refund of the entire amount of the deposit, or any amount of outstanding balance whenever the depositor demands or withdraws it. The depositor may be rewarded with ‘hibah’ also called as gift as a way of showing gratitude for the use of funds by the bank. The bank compensates depositors for the time-value of their money; an example of this is the interest but refers it as a â€Å"gift†. *Mudharabah (Profit Loss sharing) It is an agreement or arrangement between an entrepreneur and a capital provider which the entrepreneur can use funds for his/her business activity. The capital provider and the entrepreneur will share the profits according to an agreed ratio but if ever there are losses, only the capital provider will bear them. The profit-sharing continues until the loan is repaid. The bank will be compensated for the time value of its money through the form of floating interest rate which is pegged to the debtor’s profits. * Musharakah (Joint Venture) This kind of approach is usually applied for joint ventures and business partnerships. They share same profits according to their agreed ratio and divide incurred losses based on the equity participation ratio. This concept is different from fixed-income investing. *Murabahah (Cost Plus) This concept is referring to the sale of goods at a price, which include a profit margin agreed to by both parties. At the time of sale agreement, the purchase and selling price, the profit margin and other costs must be clearly stated. The bank will be compensated for the time value of its money in the form of the profit money. It is a fixed-income loan for the purchase of a real asset such as real estate or a vehicle having a fixed rate of interest. The bank cannot have an additional interest on late payments. The asset remains in the ownership of the bank unless it is fully paid. This kind of concept is also similar to â€Å"rent-to-own† arrangements for furniture or appliances that are very common in North American stores. * Bai’ Bithaman Ajil (Deferred Payment Sale) This concept is almost the same with Murabahah but the debtor in this concept makes only a single installment and will pay on the maturity date of the loan. It also refers to the sale of goods on a deferred payment basis at a price including the profit margin agreed to by both parties. *Wakalah (Agency) The concept happens when an individual appoints a representative to do the transactions on his/her behalf which is just similar to a power of attorney. *Qardhul Hassan (Benevolent Loan) Of all form of loans mentioned, only Qardhul Hassan has an excellent effect to the debtors because in this loan, the debtor is only required to repay the principal amount lent. However, the debtor may pay an extra amount (any amount that is in his heart) beyond the principal amount of the loan as a way of gratitude to the creditor. But this transaction is a true interest-free loan because there are debtors who do not give an extra amount to the creditor. For some Muslims, they consider this loan as the only type of loan that does not go against with the prohibition on riba which is a type of a loan that does not compensate the creditor for the value of money. *Ijarah Thumma Al Bai’ (Hire Purchase) In this concept of loan, there are two contracts involved. Ijarah contract is into leasing/renting and the other contract is called Bai’ contact which means to purchase. These two contracts are undertaken one after the other. An example of this is in a car financing facility. A customer enters in an Ijarah contract where he/she leases the car from the owner which is the bank at an agreed amount over a particular period of time. When his contract in Ijarah expires, the Bai’ contract comes into effect which enables the customer to purchase and own the car at an agreed price. With this, the bank sells the car to the customer at an above market-price profit in return for agreeing to receive the payment over a period of time. The profit margin is equal to the interest earned at fixed rate of return. * Bai’ al-Inah (Sell and Buy back Agreement) In Bai’ al-Inah, the financier sells product to the customer on a long-term payment basis and then the financier immediately repurchased the product for cash with a discount. This agreement permits the bank to assume the ownership over the product or asset in order to protect default without charging interest in late payments or insolvency. *Hibah (Gift) The debtor in this concept voluntarily gives a hibah (gift) as a token given to the creditor in return for a loan. This concept is practice when Islamic banks voluntarily pay their customers interest on their savings account balances. * Takaful (Islamic Insurance) This concept is not new for it had been practiced by the Muhajrin of Mecca and the Ansar of Medina following the hijra of the Prophet over 1400 years ago. Takaful is also an alternative form of cover which a Muslim can avail himself the risk of loss due to misfortunes. Nowadays, in the modern business world, one way to minimize the risk of loss due to unavoidable circumstances is through insurances. The idea behind insurance is the sharing of risk. This concept of insurance does not go against in Shariah concept where resources are accumulated to help those who are in need.